La Internacionalización Productiva en América Del Sur: elementos políticos y culturales contributivos en la elaboración de estrategias de inversiones en Bolivia

Resumo: A internacionalização da produção de uma empresa está intrinsecamente dependente das interfaces da cultura organizacional e da cultura local. Assim, quando uma empresa quer internacionalizar é necessário identificar os valores locais e torná-los seus. Esse é um fator complexo se levarmos em conta a multiplicidade cultural, uma multiplicidade que precisa ser respeitada se de fato concebermos as empresas como participantes no desenvolvimento local e não apenas como organismos tecnológicos e financeiros que exploram recursos naturais ou as demandas da população. Entretanto, na Bolívia isso não é uma tarefa fácil. Nesse aspecto, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender uma das faces do caleidoscópio boliviano. Investigamos os aspectos importantes da dinâmica atual através de uma literatura multidisciplinar e uma entrevista com Carlos Mesa Gisbert, ex-presidente da República da Bolívia. A dinâmica da internacionalização da produção tem uma soma de componentes culturais, políticos, tecnológicos, educacionais, logísticos outros que estão interligados. A ação ou reação em um desses componentes reverbera em todos os outros.Palavras-chave: internacionalização; cultura; política; Bolívia***LA INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN PRODUCTIVA EN AMÉRICA DEL SUR: ELEMENTOS POLÍTICOS Y CULTURALES CONTRIBUTIVOS EN LA ELABORACIÓN DE ESTRATEGIAS DE INVERSIONES EN BOLIVIA. Resumen: La internacionalización de la producción de una empresa está intrínsecamente dependiente de las interfaces de la cultura organizacional y de la cultura local. Así, cuando una empresa desea internacionalizar es necesario identificar los valores locales y tornarlos suyos. Eso es un factor complejo si llevarnos en cuenta la multiplicidad cultural, una multiplicidad que necesita ser respetada si efectivamente concebirnos las empresas como participantes de un desarrollo local y no solamente como organismos tecnológicos y financieros que explotan los recursos naturales o las demandas de la populación. Pero en Bolivia eso no es una tarea fácil. En esos aspectos, el objetivo de este artículo es comprehender una de las caras del caleidoscopio boliviano. Investigamos aspectos importantes de la dinámica actual por medio de una bibliografía multidisciplinaria y entrevista realizada con Carlos Mesa Gisbert, ex presidente de la República de Bolivia. La dinámica de la internacionalización de la producción tiene una suma de componentes culturales, políticos, tecnológicos, educacionales, logísticos entre otros, que están interconectados. La acción o reacción en uno de los componentes reverbera en todos los otros.Palabras claves: internacionalización; cultura; política; Bolivia***The PRODUCTIve INTERNATIONALIZATION IN SOUTH AMERICA: POLITICAL AND CULTURAL CONTRIBUtory ELEMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTMENT STRATEGIES IN BOLIVIA. Abstract: The internationalization of a company production is intrinsically dependent on the interfaces of organizational and local cultures. So when a company wants to internationalize itself it is necessary to identify local values and make them their own. This is a complex factor if we take into account the cultural diversity, a variety that needs to be respected if indeed we conceive companies as participants in local development and not only as technological and financial organizations that exploit natural resources or the demands of the population. However, in Bolivia this is not an easy task. In this respect, the purpose of this article is to understand one of the faces of the Bolivian kaleidoscope. Important aspects of the current dynamics were investigated through a multidisciplinary literature and an interview with Carlos Mesa Gisbert, former president of Bolivia. The dynamics of production internationalization has a sum of cultural, political, technological, educational, logistical components and others that are interconnected. The action and reaction of these components reverberates in all others. Keywords: internationalization; culture; policy; Bolivi

Uma abordagem sobre os elementos contemporâneos da cultura boliviana e suas influências nas empresas estrangeiras

The culture of a country contains essential elements for the development of productioninternationalization strategies. This article aims to analyze characteristics of the Bolivianculture and their interfaces in two Brazilian transnational companies with productionfacilities in Bolivia. For the achievement of the objective, interviews were conducted withexecutives of Petrobras and Votorantim. Were also interviewed the Consul General inBolivia Brazil, Colbert Soares Junior and former President of Bolivia, Carlos Mesa Gisbert.The information obtained allowed to emphasize the influence of local culture in theinternationalization process

Cultura organizacional: cambios y desafíos

Las empresas están en un acelerado proceso de cambio que ha  transformado las relaciones laborales. Esas relaciones aún no profundamente comprendidas por los empleados y por los empleadores, generan impactos que necesitan ser gestionados por el liderazgo. La tarea principal de las estrategias organizacionales es descifrar esa nueva realidad cultural interna y externa, y generar vínculos con los individuos que componen los recursos humanos. Para que esto ocurra de modo efectivo es necesaria la realización de una lectura de la capacidad cognitiva de los empleados en la absorción de los cambios y de los mecanismos empresariales que fomentan el aprendizaje

Towards Generalization of 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild

In this paper, we propose 3DBodyTex.Pose, a dataset that addresses the task of 3D human pose estimation in-the-wild. Generalization to in-the-wild images remains limited due to the lack of adequate datasets. Existent ones are usually collected in indoor controlled environments where motion capture systems are used to obtain the 3D ground-truth annotations of humans. 3DBodyTex.Pose offers high quality and rich data containing 405 different real subjects in various clothing and poses, and 81k image samples with ground-truth 2D and 3D pose annotations. These images are generated from 200 viewpoints among which 70 challenging extreme viewpoints. This data was created starting from high resolution textured 3D body scans and by incorporating various realistic backgrounds. Retraining a state-of-the-art 3D pose estimation approach using data augmented with 3DBodyTex.Pose showed promising improvement in the overall performance, and a sensible decrease in the per joint position error when testing on challenging viewpoints. The 3DBodyTex.Pose is expected to offer the research community with new possibilities for generalizing 3D pose estimation from monocular in-the-wild images

O sistema de posicionamento global aplicado ao estudo de litorais arenosos

Doutoramento em GeociênciasO estudo do litoral português, sob o ponto de vista das relações entre as morfologias presentes em praias arenosas e os processos físicos que condicionam a dinâmica litoral, não seria tão pertinente, não fosse o facto de, actualmente, ser inequívoca uma tendência para o esgotamento de recursos sedimentares a que se associa a erosão da costa. O desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos sobre a dinâmica litoral depende, em grande parte, da disponibilidade de diversas fontes de dados que permitam retratar a tendência evolutiva a diferentes escalas temporais e possibilitem a previsão da evolução futura. O objectivo principal da presente dissertação prende-se com o desenvolvimento de metodologias de monitorização adequadas a litorais arenosos, que se caracterizem pela eficiência e precisão na obtenção de informação georreferenciada relativa à morfologia de corpos arenosos. É aplicada uma técnica de geodesia espacial, o Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS), para a obtenção dessa informação, a partir da qual são criados modelos de elevação do terreno. A metodologia é desenvolvida de forma a permitir a monitorização das variações de curta escala temporal induzidas em litorais arenosos, considerando segmentos litorais relativamente extensos, da ordem dos quilómetros, a custos relativamente reduzidos. Essa metodologia é aplicada a vários segmentos litorais situados entre a foz do rio Douro e as praias do litoral da laguna de Aveiro, que se caracterizam pela sua elevada dinâmica, tendo também em atenção o interesse que a presente abordagem tem no contexto da gestão do litoral. A utilização de outras fontes de informação, nomeadamente de agitação marítima, quando utilizadas em conjunto com as obtidas pela presente metodologia, contribuem para a caracterização morfodinâmica e permitem uma análise interpretativa das tendências evolutivas observadas.The study of the Portuguese littoral zone under the scope of the relationship between the morphologies that are present in the sandy beaches and the physical processes that control the littoral dynamics is a relevant subject. Nowadays in unequivocal the tendency to a progressive break-down of the sedimentary resources in the shores which are related with the coastal erosion. The improvement of the knowledge about the littoral dynamic is dependent of the availability of several kinds of data which provide information about the present day evaluative tendency and permit to design scenarios about the future behaviour. The main goal of this thesis is to develop monitoring methodologies for sandy beaches survey, with high precision and efficiency. It is adopted one spatial geodesy technique named the Global Positioning System (GPS), which permit to obtain geo-referenced information useful to generate digital elevation models. The developed methodology is adapted to the establishment of regular survey programs in coastal stretches with several kilometers with low costs. The methodology was applied in several Portuguese coastal stretches located between the Douro river and the Aveiro lagoon beaches. These selected stretches are characterized by its high dynamic behaviour, associated in same cases with several problems of coastal erosion. It was taken into account the interest of this methodological approached in the littoral management. By using other fonts of information, named tide gang data, it is possible to characterize the morphodynamic behaviour of the stretches under study and evaluate the future trends

Iron Ore Pelletizing Process: An Overview

The iron ore production has significantly expanded in recent years, owing to increasing steel demands in developing countries. However, the content of iron in ore deposits has deteriorated and low-grade iron ore has been processed. The fines resulting from the concentration process must be agglomerated for use in iron and steelmaking. This chapter shows the status of the pelletizing process with a special focus on binders. Bentonite is the most used binder due to favorable mechanical and metallurgical pellet properties, but it contains impurities especially silica and alumina. The importance of many researches concerning alternative binders is also discussed in this chapter. Better quality wet, dry, preheated, and fired pellets can be produced with combined binders, such as organic and inorganic salts, when compared with bentonite-bonded pellets. While organic binders provide sufficient wet and dry pellet strengths, inorganic salts provide the required preheated and fired pellet strengths

Team development: Definition, measurement and relationships with team effectiveness

This article describes the development and validation of a theory-based measure of team development. Drawing on three independent samples, including multisource and two-wave data, we found support for the scale’s theoretical multidimensionality. Convergent and discriminant validity was established, and criterion-related validity was determined through the scale’s relation with three facets of team effectiveness: viability, extra-role performance and reputation. We conclude that the 29-item measure is valid and reliable for the assessment of team development. Theoretically, we shed light on the dimensionality of team development and extend the available knowledge on its nomological network. Practical implications for enhancing team effectiveness via team development are discussed

Evidence of the functions of vitamin D in pregnant women in COVID-19: a systematic review

Introduction: In the world, about 1 million people suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women increases maternal mortality and morbidity rates. In the scenario of COVID-19, it is known that the immune response, inflammation, and coagulation are modulated by vitamin D activity. Objective: It was to analyze the main considerations of the effects of vitamin D on pregnant women and fetuses in the scenario of COVID-19, presenting the mechanisms of inflammatory and immunological processes in an attempt to mitigate the worsening of comorbidities and deaths. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from September to October 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 210 articles were found, 82 articles were evaluated and 32 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 28 studies with a high risk of bias and 28 studies that did not meet GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with I2 =98.9% >50%. There is a relationship between vitamin D status and the severity of COVID-19 in pregnant women. Vitamin D levels are low in pregnant women with COVID-19. Furthermore, there is a significant difference regarding the level of vitamin D and the severity of COVID-19 in pregnant women. Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may be useful as an approach to preventing an aggressive course of inflammation induced by this novel coronavirus in pregnant women

Liquid aspersion efficiency quantification experiment: application in ladder-type distributors

O presente texto descreve um equipamento na escala-piloto e um método simples para comparar a eficiência de distribuidores de líquido. A técnica consiste basicamente em analisar a massa do líquido coletado em 21 tubos verticais de 52mm de diâmetro interno e 800 mm de comprimento dispostos em arranjo quadrático colocados abaixo do distribuidor. Uma manta acrílica que não dispersa o líquido com 50 mm de espessura foi fixada entre o distribuidor e o banco de tubos para evitar respingos. Como exemplo de aplicação foram realizados ensaios com nove distribuidores do tipo espinha de peixe de 4 tubos paralelos cada, para uma coluna com 400 mm de diâmetro. Variaram-se o número (n) de furos (95, 127 e 159 furos/m²), o diâmetro (d) dos furos (2, 3 e 4 mm) e as vazões (q) de (1,2; 1,4 e 1,6m³/h). A melhor eficiência de espalhamento pelo menor desvio-padrão foi obtida com n de 159, d de 2 e q de 1,4 indicando as limitações de regras práticas de projeto. A pressão (p), na entrada do distribuidor, para essa condição, foi de apenas 51000 Pa (0,51 kgf/cm²) e a velocidade média (v) em cada orifício foi de 6,3 m/s.This paper describes a device developed on the pilot scale and a simple approach to compare liquid distributor efficiencies. The technique consists basically of analyzing the mass of the liquid collected in 21 vertical pipes measuring 52 mm in internal diameter and 800 mm in length placed in a quadratic arrangement and positioned below the distributor. A 50 mm thick acrylic blanket that does not disperse liquids was placed between the distributor and the pipe bank to avoid splashes. Assays were carried out with ladder-type distributors equipped with 4 parallel pipes each for a column measuring 400 mm in diameter as an example of the application. The number (n) of orifices (95, 127, and 159 orifices/m²), orifice diameter (d) (2, 3, and 4 mm) and the flowrate (q) (1.2; 1.4; and 1.6 m3/h) were varied. The best spread efficiency, which presented the lowest standard deviation, was achieved with 159 orifices, 2 mm and 1.4 m³/h. The pressure (p) at the distributor's inlet for this condition was only 51000 Pa (0.51 kgf/cm²), while the average velocity (v) was 6.3 m/s in each orifice. These results show some limitations of the practical rules used in distributor designs